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2016年5月12日星期四

Gentoo - 安装

https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/
http://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/amd64/autobuilds/20160505/install-amd64-minimal-20160505.iso

1) boot
输入 gentoo dopcmcia
Enter 进入 LiveCD 的 gentoo 系统

2) 配置 root 户口
# passwd root

3) 开启 ssh 服务
# /etc/init.d/sshd start


4) 系统分区
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB
# fdisk /dev/sda

Command (m for help):
sda1分区: n,p,1,Enter,+200M
sda2分区: n,p,2,Enter,+1024M
sda3分区: n,p,3,Enter,Enter
设置sda2分区为swap分区格式: t,2,82

保存而且退出: w

# partx -a /dev/sda
partx: /dev/sda: error adding partitions 1-3
# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
# mkswap /dev/sda2
# swapon /dev/sda2
# swapon -s


* 可以用 cfdisk /dev/sda 看看
* boot (/dev/sda1) 盘必须用 ext2, 开机程序 grub 只支持 ext2 而已

5) 创建系统临时挂载点
# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo
# mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot


6) 设置系统时间 (重要)
# date
Fri May 12 08:47:10 UTC 2016

// 如不正确, 可用以下命令配置
# date -s 05/13/2016

# date -s 20:59:59

7) 下载/解压/安装 stage3-amd64-20160505.tar.bz2 (239M) 和 portage-latest.tar.bz2 (72M)
# cd /mnt/gentoo
# links http://mirrors.sohu.com   * 这个只是拿来测试网络有没问题
# wget http://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/amd64/autobuilds/20160505/stage3-amd64-20160505.tar.bz2
# wget http://distfiles.gentoo.org/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.bz2
# ls
# tar jxvf stage3-amd64-20160505.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo
# tar jxvf portage-latest.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr


撤除

# rm -rf stage3-amd64-20160505.tar.bz2
# rm -rf portage-latest.tar.bz2


8) 配置编译选项
# nano -w etc/portage/make.conf
 

USE="bindist unicode bash-completion vim-syntax jpeg png mmx sse sse2"

MAKEOPTS="-j3"


# 要换其它源, 可在这里找 https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/mirrors/

GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://mirrors.sohu.com/gentoo/"
SYNC="rsync://rsync.cn.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage"
 

APACHE2_MODULES="authz_host cgi dir mime actions alias asis auth_basic auth_digest authn_alias authn_anon authn_dbd authn_dbm authn_default authn_file authz_dbm authz_default authz_groupfile authz_owner authz_user autoindex cache cern_meta cgid charset_lite dav dav_fs dav_lock dbd deflate disk_cache dumpio env expires ext_filter file_cache filter headers ident imagemap include info log_config log_forensic logio mem_cache mime_magic negotiation proxy proxy_ajp proxy_balancer proxy_connect proxy_ftp proxy_http reqtimeout rewrite setenvif speling status substitute unique_id userdir usertrack version vhost_alias unixd socache_shmcb authn_core authz_core"
 

NGINX_MODULES_HTTP="addition fastcgi flv geo geoip sub access auth_basic charset dav gzip gzip_static image_filter limit_req limit_zone map memcached perl proxy realip referer rewrite secure_link ssi stub_status upstream_ip_hash userid xslt random autoindex browser cache_purge degradation empty_gif headers_more push random_index scgi split_clients uwsgi slowfs_cache upload upload_progress"
 

NGINX_MODULES_MAIL="imap pop3 smtp"
 

ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"
PHP_TARGETS="php5-4"
PHP_INI_VERSION="production"
LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN zh_TW"


9) 切换系统到 /dev/sda3 根分区上并更新系统环境变量
# cd /
# mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
# cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
# chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
# env-update && source /etc/profile
# export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

10) 设置时区 

/usr/share/zoneinfo 找找你要用的时
# cp -rvf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kuala_Lumpur /etc/localtime

11) 编辑 /etc/locale.gen
# nano -w /etc/locale.gen

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.GBK GBK

# locale-gen

12) 设置主机名
# echo "127.0.0.1 gentoo" > /etc/hosts
# nano -w /etc/hosts

# sed -i -e's/hostname.*/hostname="gentoo"/' /etc/conf.d/hostname
# hostname gentoo
# nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname 


13) 配置编译内核 
# emerge -avt gentoo-sources genkernel
* 确认下
/usr/share/genkernel/arch/x86_64/kernel-config, 应该存在
# zcat /proc/config.gz > /usr/share/genkernel/arch/x86_64/kernel-config
# genkernel --color --loglevel=5 --menuconfig --save-config --makeopts=-j9 --kernel-config=/usr/share/genkernel/arch/x86_64/kernel-config all

 
* 这个网卡 driver 是用于 vmware
Networking support —>
Device Drivers —>
Network device support —>
Ethernet driver support —>
Intel devices
<M> Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet support

Networking support —>
Device Drivers —>
Fusion MPT device support
<M> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SPI
<M> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for FC
<M> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SAS
(128) Maximum number of scatter gather entries (16 – 128)
<M> Fusion MPT misc device (ioctl) driver
<M> Fusion MPT LAN driver

File systems —>
<M> Second extended fs support
[*] The Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem
[*] Ext4 POSIX Access Control Lists
[*] Ext4 Security Labels
[*] Ext4 debugging support
 

14) 文件系统挂载点
# nano -w  /etc/fstab


/dev/sda1     /boot     ext2     noauto,noatime    1 2
/dev/sda3     /            ext4     noatime                0 1
/dev/sda2     none     swap   sw                         0 0


15) 系统基本配置 
# ifconfig -a  * 可以知道网络介面名 eno16777728
# nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
 
config_eno16777728="192.168.247.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.247.255"
routes_eno16777728="default via 192.168.247.2"

# nano -w /etc/resolv.conf
 

domain localdomain
nameserver 192.168.247.2


# passwd

安装一些其它东西

# emerge -avt syslog-ng vixie-cron pciutils gentoolkit

开机自动启动
# rc-update add sshd default
# rc-update add syslog-ng default
# rc-update add vixie-cron default
###### emerge sys-apps/mlocate #安装文件索引locate,重启后记得updatedb新建库

16) 配置与安装引导程序 grub
# emerge grub

# grub2-install --no-floppy /dev/sda
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg


* 编译内核后 
/boot/ 会多出 kernel-genkernel-x86_64-4.4.6-gentoo 和 initramfs-genkernel-x86_64-4.4.6-gentoo
# nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf

default 0
timeout 30
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Gentoo Linux 4.4.6
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86_64-4.4.6-gentoo root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc ramdisk=8192 real_root=/dev/sda3 rootfstype=ext4
initrd /boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86_64-4.4.6-gentoo

# exit
# umount /mnt/gentoo/dev /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo
# reboot


17) 现在可以拿走 install-amd64-minimal-20160505.iso 了

18) 更新系统
# 进入 root 户口
# emerge --sync
# emerge -avt gentoolkit
# emerge --update --deep --newuse -avt @world
# revdep-rebuild
# etc-update

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